Influenza vaccine--outmaneuvering antigenic shift and drift.
نویسنده
چکیده
منابع مشابه
A Review of Currently Available Vaccines
THE INFLUENZA VIRUS Antigenic Changes To maintain its virulence within a population, the influenza virus continuously evolves. Two types of antigenic changes can occur. Antigenic drift results from the accumulation of point mutations in the HA and NA genes. When drift occurs, seasonal epidemics can arise; this is why the influenza vaccine is updated on an annual basis. Antigenic shift is the ap...
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Antigenic drift and shift involving the surface proteins of Influenza virus gave rise to new strains that caused epidemics affecting millions of people worldwide over the last hundred years. Variations in the membrane proteins like Hemagglutinin (HA) and Neuraminidase (NA) necessitates new vaccine strains to be updated frequently and poses challenge to effective vaccine design. Though the HA pr...
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Vaccination against seasonal influenza viruses is the most effective way to prevent infection. A key factor in the effectiveness of the seasonal influenza vaccine is its immunological compatibility with the circulating viruses during the season. The high evolutionary rate, antigenic shift and antigenic drift of influenza viruses, represents the main obstacle for correct prediction of the vaccin...
متن کاملGenetic characterization of seasonal influenza A (H3N2) viruses in Ontario during 2010–2011 influenza season: high prevalence of mutations at antigenic sites
BACKGROUND The direct effect of antigenic site mutations in influenza viruses on antigenic drift and vaccine effectiveness is poorly understood. OBJECTIVE To investigate the genetic and antigenic characteristics of human influenza A (H3N2) viruses circulating in Ontario during the early 2010-2011 winter season. STUDY DESIGN We sequenced the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes fr...
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Influenza A virus causes annual epidemics and occasional pandemics of short-term respiratory infections associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. The pandemics occur when new human-transmissible viruses that have the major surface protein of influenza A viruses from other host species are introduced into the human population. Between such rare events, the evolution of influenza is s...
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عنوان ژورنال:
- The New England journal of medicine
دوره 350 3 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2004